Search results for "paired associative stimulation"
showing 6 items of 6 documents
The effect of paired associative stimulation-induced long-term potentiation-like plasticity on visuomotor learning
2014
Aivojen hermostollisissa rakenteissa ja toiminnassa tapahtuu adaptaatiota motorisen oppimisen seurauksena. Eräs ehdotetuista malleista, johon muutokset voivat perustua on hermoliitoksen voimakkuuden pitkäaikainen tehostuminen eli pitkäkestoinen potentiaa-tio (LTP). Keinotekoisesti LTP:n kaltainen vaikutus voidaan tuottaa parillisella as-sosiatiivisella stimulaatiolla (PAS). Lisäksi tutkimustulokset osoittavat, että PAS voi parantaa tietyn tyyppistä motorista oppimista. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on sel-vittää miten PAS:n tuottama LTP:n kaltainen plastisuus vaikuttaa visuomotorisen oppi-misen alkuvaiheeseen. Visuomotorinen oppimistehtävä suoritettiin kolme kertaa PAS:n jälkeen. Oppimist…
Changes in cortico-spinal excitability following uphill versus downhill treadmill exercise
2017
International audience; An acute bout of aerobic exercise induces neuroplasticity in the motor cortex. Moreover, paired associative stimulation (PAS) is known to induce neuroplasticity in M1. However, the possible influence of the type of exercise on the neuroplastic changes remains unknown. The present study investigated the effects of two different modes of muscle contraction produced during locomotor exercise on changes in corticospinal (CS) excitability. Subjects performed two 30-min treadmill exercises at an intensity corresponding to 60% of their maximal heart rate with either a +10% (uphill) or -10% (downhill) slope. These exercises were followed or not by paired associative stimulat…
The effects of motor imagery and Paired associative stimulation on cortical excitability
2009
ABSTRACT Kumpulainen, Susanne 2009. The effect of PAS and motor imagery on the excitability of the motor cortex. Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä. Master’s theses of biomechanics. 41 pages. The plasticity of the brain is an increasingly important topic for physical therapists interested in (re)learning and repair following injury. A number of potential endogenous and exogenous protocols have been developed with the improved understanding of the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity. The purpose of this study was twofold: First, the effect of motor imagery of plantarflexion on motor cortex excitability was investigated since it has been shown that motor imagery…
Neurophysiological Changes After Paired Brain and Spinal Cord Stimulation Coupled With Locomotor Training in Human Spinal Cord Injury
2021
Neurophysiological changes that involve activity-dependent neuroplasticity mechanisms via repeated stimulation and locomotor training are not commonly employed in research even though combination of interventions is a common clinical practice. In this randomized clinical trial, we established neurophysiological changes when transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the motor cortex was paired with transcutaneous thoracolumbar spinal (transspinal) stimulation in human spinal cord injury (SCI) delivered during locomotor training. We hypothesized that TMS delivered before transspinal (TMS-transspinal) stimulation promotes functional reorganization of spinal networks during stepping. In this p…
The effect of paired associative stimulation on fatigue resistance
2015
Paired associative stimulation (PAS) is a non-invasive stimulation method developed to induce bidirectional changes in the excitability of the cortical projections to the target muscles. However, very few studies have shown an association between changes in motor evoked potentials (MEP) after PAS and behavioral changes in healthy subjects. In the present study we hypothesized that the functional relevance of PAS can be seen during fatiguing exercise, since there is always a central contribution to the development of fatigue. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied over the motor cortex to measure changes in the MEPs of the soleus muscle before and after PAS. Furthermore, fatigue resis…
Modulation of plasticity of the soleus area of the motor cortex using paired associative stimulation
2015
Paired associative stimulation (PAS) repeatedly combines single somatosensory nerve stimuli with single transcranial magnetic stimuli to induce bidirectional changes in the excitability of the cortical projections to the target muscle. PAS and motor training have been shown to share common neural mechanisms, suggesting that PAS tests functionally relevant neuronal circuits. While PAS has been used extensively to target the hand area of the motor cortex, few studies have targeted the leg area of the motor cortex. The optimal interstimulus inter- val (ISI) to induce plasticity in the cortical projections to lower limbs is still not well established. Thus, the first purpose of this thesis was …